Thursday 31 July 2014

Russia's Sanctions Against Moldova: Moldova Thanks Russia's Closest Trade Partners Belarus and Kazakhstan For Not Joining in Sanctions





Two of Russia’s closest trade partners, Belarus and Kazakhstan, have declined to join Russia in trade sanctions against Moldova, and recently Moldovan Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration Natalia Gherman stated her country’s appreciation of Belarus and Kazakhstan for their decisions not to join Russia in sanctions.


The minister made her comments in an interview with Europe Libera. The minister also announced Wednesday that Moldova will participate in September’s NATO summit for the first time.


cis map“It is an important event for Moldova,” said Gherman. “This year, through its armed contingent in the International Force Mission in Kosovo (KFOR), Moldova contributed to the successful implementation of the North Atlantic Alliance missions to maintain security and stability on the European continent. Moldova is not only a consumer of security in this European zone, but also a country that contributes to security strengthening. Thanks to this, we are firstly invited to the summit of the Alliance.”


Some analysts have noted a possible trend in the decisions of Belarus and Kazakhstan. Belarus and Kazakhstan also declined to support Moscow when the US imposed sanctions against Russia several times this year.


Belarus also recently suggested postponing the formation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEC), stating that Russia and Kazakhstan were not ready for it. Kazakhstan has expressed concern that the absence of Ukraine and Moldova in the EEC reduces its value to Kazakhstan.


Russia imposed customs duties on Moldova last September in retaliation for Moldovan rapprochement with the EU, following up on previous threats to the same effect. Moscow justified a time-unlimited ban on Moldovan alcohol by a discovery of harmful chemicals in Moldovan products.


Within the Russian Customs Union, decisions are supposedly taken by consensus, but Russia’s actions regarding Moldova seem to show that Russia is acting when there is no consensus, analysts have noted.


Georgia left the CIS in 2009, Ukraine is currently in the process of leaving, and Moldova has announced its intention to reevaluate its membership. All three are moving towards closer EU relations.


By Day Blakely Donaldson


 



Russia Plans Upcoming Census in Crimea





Russia has planned a census to be taken in Crimea in October. The census will include 33 questions, which will be answered by declaration and without documented proof, will be accounted by “foreigners temporarily residing in Crimea,” and will have special focus placed on foreigners working and studying in Crimea. The plans were announced this week by Krymstat, the statistical body of Russia’s Crimean occupation authority. Russian authorities have commented that they expect the census will provide a needed picture of the actual populace of Crimea, which they believe may have been misrepresented in past censuses.


Among the 33 questions will be queries about date and place of birth, ethnic origin, migration activeness, citizenship, income sources, education, marital status, fertility and residence.


A separate section will be devoted to housing conditions questions.


The census will be based on declarations–not documents. Krymstat has stated that census takers will not require documentary validification for any census declarations.


Krymstat also has said it they will include foreign residents in Crimea, and will place a focus on foreign nationals who have come to Crimea to work or study, although details as to how Krymstat would count or group foreigners have not been not given.


Soldiers of the Black Sea Fleet will also be included in the census.


A decree to organize the census was signed by Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev earlier this month. The census will cost approximately 387 million rubles, according to RIA Novosti.


Accounting of the census will be conducted by “foreigners temporarily residing in Crimea,” reportedly. Specialists will examine in detail the working and student migrants category.


Russian news sources have reported that the census is important as a recognition of the actual populace of Crimea, and also because Russian experts suspect Crimean Tatar organizations overestimate the strength of their people.


By Day Blakely Donaldson



Wednesday 30 July 2014

The Biggest Consumers of Water on the Planet are Not Measured for Water Use, New Study Discovers





A new study by the Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) has discovered that the biggest consumers of water on the planet are not measured for water use. Neither the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) nor the Department of Energy (DOE), which regulate the power sector, measure water use. Water use is therefore left out of policy decisions. CNA found this information while investigating energy generation water consumption, which, CNA found, will begin to compete with human consumption needs for available water in the near future. By 2020, 30-40 percent of the world will face this type of water use decision, and by 2040, the world will face a global shortage if usage continues, CNA found.


“At least in part, this is because the EPA has no authority to regulate water quantity, only quality,” CNA stated in its report.


“Although the EPA regulates the power sector, which withdraws more water than any other, the agency is unable to consider the water use impact of its regulations, which include rules on cooling methods,” CNA wrote.


This was found to be because water management does not extend to its biggest user.” Although water availability is clearly a critical issue for the power sector, neither the US Environmental Protection Agency nor the US Department of Energy [which produces official long-term energy forecasts for the government] has policy models that include water,” CNA stated.


The effects of not monitoring water use could be large, CNA found, because considerations of water availability could produce very different projections for how the power sector would develop in the future. Knowing the amounts of water usage and availability could also alter the feasibility of technology options.


“It’s a huge problem that the electricity sector do not even realise how much water they actually consume. And together with the fact that we do not have unlimited water resources, it could lead to a serious crisis if nobody acts on it soon,” said Professor Benjamin Sovacool, one of the researchers in the study.


The water shortage will affect 30-40 percent of the world by 2020, CNA found, and it will be impossible to maintain current water usage by 2040, resulting in future competition between energy and human consumption needs.


Read more: Most Power Systems Do Not Register Water Usage, New Study Discovers — Will Cause Water Scarcity by 2020 and Water Shortage by 2040


“It’s a very important issue,” said Paul Faeth, lead researcher and Director of Energy, Water, & Climate at CNA. “Water used to cool power plants is the largest source of water withdrawals in the United States and France, and a large source in China and India.”


CNA found that omitting water use from policymaking is typical around the world. Power production scenarios usually operate with an assumption of no limits on water use. This blind spot extends to policy and technology analysis for the sector, according to the report.


water shortage china“One area where this really matters is climate mitigation policy, because of the water use impacts of carbon capture and sequestration, which uses much more cooling water than does coal technology without CCS [carbon capture and storage/sequestration],” the report stated.


When CNA modeled scenarios in which water is assumed to be limited–a more realistic assumption, according to CNA–outcomes looked different.


When the CCS was factored into calculations, the impact on water consumption was substantial. The researchers gave the example of China, where 60 percent of generating capacity lies in the north, which has just 20 percent of its freshwater supply. After factoring in CCS, the impact on water consumption was 322 water shortage chinapercent larger than the the WaterLimit consumption value by 2040, and 171 percent larger than even the Baseline. CNA concluded, “It’s very likely that CCS would not be a viable option in the North Grid of China due to water resource constraints, but the extent of the problem would be unknown if water were not included in our model.


“If we keep doing business as usual, we are facing an insurmountable water shortage–even if water was free–because it’s not a matter of the price. There will no water by 2040 if we keep doing what we’re doing today. There’s no time to waste. We need to act now,” concluded Sovacool.


By Day Blakely Donaldson



Tuesday 29 July 2014

UN Report: East Ukraine Armed Groups Causing "Reign of Fear and Terror"

The UN released a report on Ukraine Monday that stated that armed groups in Eastern Ukraine have caused a “total breakdown of law and order and a reign of fear and terror.” The report found that the armed groups “continue to abduct, detain, torture and execute people kept as hostages in order to intimidate and to exercise their power over the population in raw and brutal ways.”


The report listed some of the 812 people reportedly abducted and detained by armed groups in Donetsk and Luhansk, and also listed various crimes allegedly committed by the armed groups, such as torture and ill-treatment, sexual violence, enforced disappearances and the planting of landmines and explosive remnants.








“Some of those detained by the armed groups are local politicians, public officials and employees of the local coal mining industry,” the report said, “the majority are ordinary citizens, including teachers, journalists, members of the clergy and students.”


The report also noted documents indicating that the armed groups were conducting “military tribunals” and group leaders were signing “execution orders.” Those executed were reported to be members of armed groups and a common criminal. The Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine (HRMMU) is verifying the details of these reports with relatives of the victims and a witness, the UN reported.


Since fighting broke out early this year, over 1,129 people have been killed and 3,442 wounded in Ukraine, according to UN and WHO estimates. The material cost of the damage done so far is estimated at $750 million USD. Over 100,000 people have been displaced.


By Day Blakely Donaldson



Scientists Predict Water Scarcity in 2020 and Global Water Shortage in 2040

According to two reports recently published by the Center for Naval Analyses (CNA), current water usage will lead to water scarcity affecting 30-40 percent of the world by 2020, and a global shortage by 2040.


The reports, “Capturing Synergies Between Water Conservation and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Power Sector” and “A Clash of Competing Necessities; Water Adequacy and Electric Reliability in China, India, France, and Texas,” were completed by researchers from Aarhus University in Denmark, Vermont Law School and CNA Corporation in the US and published on the CNA website.








The researchers looked at links between electric power generation and water use, focusing on the US, France, India and China, and compared these with data on population predictions.


The researchers found that in some countries electricity generation used more water than human consumption, but in most countries large amounts of water were used to cool various energy generation systems.


“Water used to cool power plants is the largest source of water withdrawals in the United States and France, and a large source in China and India,” said lead researcher Paul Faeth.


The researchers concluded that in the near future water consumption will be pitted against electricity and other power generation cooling needs. The researchers recommended replacing many power systems with wind and solar power–currently the only two power solutions that do not require cooling cycles.


Another finding of the research was that most power systems do not register the amount of water they use.


Read more: Most Power Systems Do Not Register Water Usage, New Study Discovers


Researcher on the study Professor Benjamin Sovacool, concluded, “If we keep doing business as usual, we are facing an insurmountable water shortage–even if water was free, because it’s not a matter of the price. There will no water by 2040 if we keep doing what we’re doing today. There’s no time to waste. We need to act now.”



Most Power Systems Do Not Register Water Usage, New Study Discovers -- Will Cause Water Scarcity by 2020 and Water Shortage by 2040

Two recent water use studies by the Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) have discovered that most power systems do not register how much water they are using to cool their systems. The finding is relevant in light of the main finding of the research: due to combined water consumption and power system cooling, water scarcity will affect 30-40 percent of the world by 2020 and will surpass available water resources by 2040, leading to a global water shortage.


“It’s a huge problem that the electricity sector do not even realise how much water they actually consume. And together with the fact that we do not have unlimited water resources, it could lead to a serious crisis if nobody acts on it soon,” said Professor Benjamin Sovacool from Aarhus University.


The two reports, “Capturing Synergies Between Water Conservation and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Power Sector” and “A Clash of Competing Necessities; Water Adequacy and Electric Reliability in China, India, France, and Texas,” were competed by Aarhus University in Denmark, Vermont Law School and CNA Corporation in the US, and were published on the CNA website.


The water shortage will affect 30-40 percent of the world by 2020, the researchers found, and it will be impossible to maintain current water usage by 2040, resulting in future competition between energy and human consumption needs.


“This means that we’ll have to decide where we spend our water in the future, said Sovocool. “Do we want to spend it on keeping the power plants going or as drinking water? We don’t have enough water to do both.”








“It’s a very important issue,” said Paul Faeth, lead researcher and Director of Energy, Water, & Climate at CNA. “Water used to cool power plants is the largest source of water withdrawals in the United States and France, and a large source in China and India.”


The researchers noted that only solar and wind power systems do not require cooling cycles, and recommended replacing other power sources with these systems.


In addition to improving energy efficiency and cooling cycle technology, the researchers advised the registration of power plant water consumption and the abandonment of fossil fuel facilities in all water-scarce locations.


“If we keep doing business as usual, we are facing an insurmountable water shortage–even if water was free–because it’s not a matter of the price. There will no water by 2040 if we keep doing what we’re doing today. There’s no time to waste. We need to act now,” concluded Sovacool.


Water cooling is used because it is inexpensive and non-toxic, although direct cooled systems do pose thermal pollution risks. Water cooling is superior to air cooling because of its higher specific heat capacity, density and thermal conductivity. Industrial water cooling uses river, ocean and well water.


“The recommendations in these reports can serve as a starting point for leaders in these countries,” said Faeth, “and for leaders around the world, to take the steps needed to ensure the reliability of current generating plants and begin planning for how to meet future demands for electric power.”


By Day Blakely Donaldson



Some Lies More Destructive Than Others - Study Simulates Various Kinds of Lies and Their Effect on Social Cohesion

Scientists at Aalto University School of Science in Finland have conducted a study in which they found that some lies may be more destructive to society than others, and that some types of lies may be essential to the growth of cohesive social networks.


“There is no society without lies,” stated lead researcher Rafael Barrio, a theoretical physicist at Aalto University.


illustration of two types of social developments based on liesThe report, “Effects of deception in social networks,” was completed by Gerardo Iñiguez, Tzipe Govezensky, Robin Dunbar, Kimmo Kaski and Rafael A. Barrio at Finland’s Aalto University School of Science, and was published in Proceedings of the Royal Society.


In their research, the Aalto University team differentiated between selfish lies–protecting oneself at the expense of others or lying to purposefully hurt others–and “white lies,” such as encouraging a child’s early attempts at performing music, which are generally socially acceptable. The researchers called these two types of lies antisocial and prosocial lies.


The team created a virtual scenario where 200 virtual individuals with various fixed opinions engaged in 200,000 interactions. By adjusting the honesty level of individuals, as well as the types of lies told, the researchers observed differing social developments.








There researchers found differences based prosocial and antisocial lying. “Antisocial lying causes social networks to become increasingly fragmented,” the report stated. “Antisocial dishonesty thus places strong constraints on the size and cohesion of social communities, providing a major hurdle that organisms have to overcome (e.g. by evolving counter-deception strategies) in order to evolve large, socially cohesive communities.


“In contrast, white lies can prove to be beneficial in smoothing the flow of interactions and facilitating a larger, more integrated network.”


After running a number of scenarios, the researchers found that a perfectly honest society increased trust over time and resulted in a well-connected group.


The introduction of antisocial liars led to fragmentation of the network. Small, tightly connected groups of honest individuals formed. The small groups were weakly connected to other small groups by dishonest individuals. When all individuals engaged in antisocial lying the result was complete isolation.


When prosocial lies were factored in, however, the social fabric was not destroyed. Instead, two large communities formed. The communities were composed of like-minded honest agents, and were based on shared opinions. Between the two groups, mostly dishonest agents provided a weak connection.


Based on their findings, the researchers concluded that some kinds of lying could actually enhance cohesiveness in society.


“Our results demonstrate that these group-level effects can arise as emergent properties of interactions at the dyadic level,” the report read. “The balance between prosocial and antisocial lies may set constraints on the structure of social networks, and hence the shape of society as a whole.”


The researchers also found that when individuals were initially undecided as to their opinions, prosocial lies reduced indecisiveness.


By James Haleavy


 



Monday 28 July 2014

Small First Nations Tribe Evicts TransCanada Pipeline Crew From Land





The Unist’ot’en tribe, which has taken an uncompromising stance to industrial development on its land, has evicted a TransCanada pipeline crew from its land.


Small First Nations Tribe Evicts TransCanada Pipeline Crew From Land (4)“We’re not willing to sit down at any table with them because our firm answer is no,” said Freda Huson, Unist’ot’en camp leader. “An official letter with the clan’s letter heading and the chief’s signature will go to the company and mention that they were evicted off our territory and that they’re not permitted back, and that if they come back it’s trespass.”


The crew was found in a section of Unist’ot’en land where several fracked gas and tar sands pipelines had been planned without tribal consent, and were evicted peacefully. The TransCanada Coastal GasLink pipeline crew were conducting preliminary work for a project to carry gas from Northeastern British Columbia to the West Coast.


The Unist’ot’en community is functioning as a watchdog for the land, ensuring that Unist’ot’en law is enforced. Unist’ot’en land has only one entry point, which includes a bridge that displays the words “NO PIPELINES.”


Anyone entering Unist’ot’en land is expected to answer questions about their stay and how it will benefit the Unist’ot’en.


The TransCanada crew flew in by helicopter over the bridge and landed without permission in a low mountain valley. According to Unist’ot’en representatives, the helicopter flew over the bridge several times and should have been able to read the sign.


Huson spoke of the action and the Unist’ot’en camp in an interview recently with Vice News’ Michael Toledano, saying that she encouraged people to come and see the land they were protecting for themselves.


Small First Nations Tribe Evicts TransCanada Pipeline Crew From Land (1)“The number one thing when people take away from here is they drink water, fresh from the river, still got the minerals intact, and it’s still pure compared to what they get out of the tap back home,” Huson said, speaking of the Widzin Kwah river, the last river within Unist’ot’ten land from which it is safe to drink. “And they see everything around—the animals, the beauty, the mountains, and all the plants.


“They see all that and see what it is that we’re protecting here and see that we’re human, we’re not militant as the media would try to portray us, but we’re actually human like everybody else. We got educated, we got jobs, walked away from jobs because we felt it was important to try and protect the remaining lands that we still have left, which is a very small amount.”


There’s probably ten percent that’s pristine like this area here, and we’re trying to hang onto that ten percent for our future generations,” said Huson, referring to the extensive British Columbia mining and logging industry.


“This place has been in the hands of the Unist’ot’en people for thousands of years. They’ve managed it,” said Freda’s husband, hereditary chief of a neighboring clan, Toghestiy. “Governments and corporations moved in, forced us onto reservations, and came out and mismanaged it. Now the Unist’ot’en are back out here and they’re going to manage it again. They’re going to manage it properly.”


A TransCanada representative said of the eviction, “While we believed we had permission to do this work, our crew decided to safely leave the area after being confronted by people wearing masks.”


Huson was firm on the Unist’ot’en stance.


“No means no, and we have the final jurisdiction on our own territory,” said Huson. “This is not Crown land, this does not belong to Indian bands… this is my peoples’ territory and we never gave up our decision making power to anybody. Tell them to produce their papers, or anything, that say we gave them the power to decide for us. Our governing system is our hereditary chiefs system and its members.”


By Day Blakely Donaldson



Sunday 27 July 2014

Siberians Increasingly Consider Themselves Siberians--Not Russians, Want Independence From Russia

According to surveys conducted in Siberia, 25-30 percent of Siberians want immediate, complete separation from Russia and 60-70 percent want equal autonomy, while only 10 percent are satisfied with the current status of Siberia within the Russian Federation.


The polls, taken regularly by social and political organizations such as Regionalist Alternative for Siberia (CCA), New Roads of Siberia, and the Siberian Movement, illustrate an increasing interest in separation or greater autonomy from Moscow.


Siberia contains around 11 percent of the population of the Russia Federation–around 20 million people–while it provides the Federation with a disproportionately large amount of revenue. Of the revenue made on exports from Siberia, around 80 percent is reported to proceed to Moscow.


Around 70 percent of Russia’s total exports came from Siberia in 2012. Besides oil and gas, Siberia is rich in metals, mineral, wood,Siberia flag and paper and pulp products. According to analysts, if Siberia ceased paying Russia from its export revenue, it would be the richest region or among the richest regions in the Federation, causing some Siberians to adopt the slogan “Stop feeding Moscow” and adopt a green and white Siberian flag from a brief period in Siberian history when the region was independent.


While Siberia is rich in natural resources, the working wage in Siberia is lower than in Moscow, while the price of food is almost identical. The living standard in Siberia has declined since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the mortality rate has increased by nearly 30 percent. migration from Siberia to other parts of the Russian Federation has increased.








Also since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Siberians are reportedly travelling more often to China and Japan, rather than Moscow or Europe. Siberia’s economic ties are also said to be increasingly better with Asia than with Moscow or St Petersburg.


By Day Blakely Donaldson



Osama bin Laden Was Killed in 2011 - Documents Seized: up to 1 Million - Released to Date: 17

After the killing of al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden in Pakistan in May 2011, the US government announced that they had obtained a “treasure trove” of documents that would fill a “small college library”–estimated to be in the hundreds of thousands to one million documents. The importance of these documents was displayed by initial government statements that 400 threats had been identified within the first week of viewing the documents. Top al Qaeda experts believe that the documents show who was connected to al Qaeda and what direction the organization would take after the death of bin Laden, in addition to other information. The number of documents so far released, however, remains at 17, which were published two years ago in May 2012.


Osama bin Laden Was Killed in 2011 - Documents Seized up to 1 Million - Released to Date 17 (2)Top al Qaeda experts, such as Long War Journal Senior Editor, Tom Joscelyn, 35-year terrorism scholar and former Corporate Chair in Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency at the RAND Corporation and former Director of RAND’s Washington, D.C. Office, Professor Bruce Hoffman, and adjunct assistant professor in Georgetown University’s security studies program, Daveed Gartenstein-Ross think that there is no good reason the documents have not been released, and that the interpretation based on the official government line and the released documents is wrong.


“There’s a lot we can’t see.. and the stuff that we do see totally contradicts that paradigm,” said Joscelyn at a recent conference on terrorism. After bin Laden was killed, Joscelyn noted, referring to what the Obama administration had originally said about the extent of the archive found in bin Laden’s lair, Tom Donilon, a former Obama Administration National Security Advisor who was replaced by UN Ambassador Susan Rice in a White House shakeup last year, was one of the first officials to discuss bin Laden’s files. One week after the raid, Donilon described the files found in bin Laden’s residence as “the largest cache of intelligence derived from the scene of any single terrorist.” Donilon, citing the CIA, said the files would fill a “small college library.”


“The number I’ve had quoted to me from officials,” said Joscelyn, “is over a million documents and files. That’s certainly in the hundreds of thousands. Now are all those equally important? No. But a lot of them are.”


To date, only 17 documents and some videos have been released to the public.


“This is not transparency,” said Joscelyn. “I don’t care if this is a republican administration or a democratic administration… And I think a lot of our debate about how al Qaeda is structured, how if functions, how it’s organized.–I think the answers to a lot of those questions can be found in those documents. And I think there’s no good reason for a lot of those documents to be kept from the public.”


Georgetown University’s Gartenstein-Ross agreed with Jocelyn’s assessment of the documents, and commented that America was not doing all it could to use the documents to understand the al Qaeda terrorist threat.


“We should hasten the declassification of these documents in order to better harness the talents of open-source researchers,” said Gartenstein-Ross. “A lot of these areas where we can’t actually see the organization, open source researchers would understand much, much more if they had access to these documents. And, in my view, the vast majority of these–maybe 90 percent or more–could be released with no harm to national security, no harm to US national interests in any way.


“And I think open source research is very important. It informs the public, it can inform policy makers,” continued Gartenstein-Ross. “We should be getting the most out of this sphere. As long as these documents remain classified… we’re not going to be making the most of open source researchers.”


Professor Bruce Hoffman also agreed. “I couldn’t agree more. I think its shameful that only 17 documents out of literally thousands [have been released]. And anybody who does any kind of historical research knows that you cannot make any kind of judgments on anything based on a handful of highly selected documents. Why I also think it’s absolutely imperative that they should be opened up is the conflicting things we’ve been told about them.


Hoffman commented also on the contradictory nature of the US governments characterization of the documents.


“In May 2011 we were told that these documents incontrovertibly proved that bin Laden was a mastermind,” said Hoffman, “that he was far more involved in running al Qaeda operations than anyone assumed, that he was meeting financiers, that he had connections with affiliates and associates, and even the 17 documents that have been released are highly ambiguous, because you can find, actually, validation for all those points. But then, inexplicably, exactly a year later, in May 2012 we’re told that it says completely the opposite: that bin Laden wasn’t involved, that he was irrelevant, that al Qaeda never really existed as an organization. So which one is it?


“Now, admittedly, some of them, of course, are highly sensitive, for various intelligence reasons, but its hard to believe that we have not taken advantage of this opportunity to establish a baseline understanding of what al Qaeda was like in the last, final days of bin Laden’s reign, and in turn, how that would effect the current organization and direction of al Qaeda.


“This is completely lost,” concluded Hoffman, “and its completely inexplicable as well.”


Osama bin Laden Was Killed in 2011 - Documents Seized up to 1 Million - Released to Date 17 (1)


As to the reason why the document had not been released, Joscelyn stated, “I think there are a lot of bad reasons they haven’t been released. I can’t think of any good ones. The bottom line…is we know the minimalist interpretation of what these documents say is wrong. Here’s how we know it’s wrong: Because James Clapper, DNI, got in front of Congress and said the immediate exploitation of these documents led to 400 individual threats being tracked down by the US intelligence community and its partners. Now think about that. That’s just the immediate threat stream that the US intelligence community was able to cull out of these documents. And there were more than 400 of them. And I’ve been told that’s actually more than 400 individual documents you’re talking about there in the threat stream.


Joscelyn also commented on the contradictory nature of the Obama administration’s characterization of the bin Laden documents. “Now that story–what Clapper said–is the precise opposite of the story that came out with the 17 documents that the administration released. The 17 documents came out not just as documents, but they came out with a narrative, and the narrative said that he was isolated or sidelined in Abad Abad. He was a lion in winter. None of that was true. We have Clapper saying to you that we have 400 immediate threats being culled out of these documents right away.


“You should want to see this incredible archive that has been captured,” concluded Joscelyn.


By Day Blakely Donaldson



"We Were Playing With Memory Like a Yo-Yo" - Scientists Create and Erase Memories

Researchers at University of California have demonstrated the ability to create memories, erase them and create them again. The researchers used light-sensitive proteins and optical fibers to enact long-term potentiation between neurons, creating new associations.


“We can make a memory of something that the animal never experienced before,” said University of California lead researcher Roberto Manilow.


nature13294-f1In the study, researchers prepared the rats by injecting their brains with a virus that had been modified by a gene that produces a light-sensitive protein. The gene, once translated into protein, could be activated by a pulse of blue light delivered by an optical fiber the researchers had implanted in the rats’ brains.


Researchers fired a beam of light to the neurons that connect the sound processing region of the brain with a fear-related region, and then shocked the rats with electricity. The action created a memory of fear of sound.


The experiment was based on classic conditioning, wherein a tone is played to an animal followed by an electric shock. The animals develop a fear reaction to the tone.


The researchers then sought to erase the fear of sound they had created. They exposed the rats to a sequence of light pulses, which enacted long-term depression between the effected neurons. The rats no longer showed fear when a tone was simulated in the brain.


Fear could be created and erased over and over again, the researchers found. “We were playing with memory like a yo-yo,” said Malinow.


The method used in the study, long-term potentiation (LPT), was discovered during research experiments in the 1960s and 70s when repeated bursts of electricity to a neuron in the hippocampus seemed to increase the cell’s ability to communicate with a neighboring neuron. Scientists have long theorized that LPT is the basis of memory.


By James Haleavy



Saturday 26 July 2014

20 African Nations Together To Build 7,600 KM "Great Green Wall of Africa" Against the Sahara Desert

The largest non-polar desert, the Sahara, which continues to expand south under the influence of global 20 African Nations Together To Build 7600 KM Great Green Wall (2)warming, will be halted by a 20-nation project to build the world’s largest horticultural feature, the Great Green Wall of Africa.


The project will be supported by the World Bank, the African Union, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the UK Royal Botanical Gardens, which have together pledged $3 billion in addition to technical expertise.








The Sahara covers 9,400,000 square kilometers in North Africa, and it continues to grow due to climate change, creeping into Senegal, Mauritania and Nigeria, according to the US Public Education website.


20 African Nations Together To Build 7600 KM Great Green Wall (1)Twenty African nations, led by Senegal will erect a wall of trees across the southern edge of the Sahara desert from the Dakar on the Atlantic Coast to Djibouti on the Gulf of Aden. The 7,600 km long, 15 km wide Great Green Wall will be the largest horticultural feature ever.


In addition to the stopping the southward advance of the Sahara, the project will focus on sustainable farming, livestock cultivation and food security. For example, a 50,000 acre tree-planting initiative in Senegal focused on acacia trees, which produces gum arabic, a valuable commodity used as a food additive. Some of the trees planted are fruit bearing as well, which will help feed the rural interior of Senegal.


The Great Green Wall is expected to open up thousands of local jobs, as quality land and cultivation opportunities are created.


CSF


 



UN Warns Pro-Russian Separatists in Ukraine Can Be Policed by International Community and Tried in the Hague





The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay, stated Saturday that pro-Russian separatists in Ukraine were obliged to abide by international law and protect civilians.


If separatists break international law, Pillay said, “the international community can bring them to justice. We have the International Criminal Court in The Hague, which applies to these groups.”


The UN High Commissioner’s were reported by Deutsche Welle Saturday.


Pillay said that all governments that have any influence on the separatists should apply that influence.


Within Ukraine, UN officials have documented large-scale violations of human rights, Pillay said. The high commissioner advised those in such situations to apply directly to the UN and report the rights violations. The UN responds very quickly to such complaints, Pillay said, although she qualified this statement by noting that the UN is sometimes held back because it can often only act after the outbreak of conflict or violence.


By Day Blakely Donaldson



Friday 25 July 2014

16-Year-Old Designs Free App To Show Corruption of US Politicians

Sixteen-year-old Nick Rubin has created a free app intended to show the main sources of US politicians’ funding. The app was nick rubin greenhouse appdesigned to allow users to scroll over the names of all members of Congress on any webpage to see a list of the top ten industries from which each receives money.


Rubin’s stated goal was to promote transparency, which Rubin said he believed would help fix the problem of people not understanding the role of money in politics. He hoped that internet users would use it daily while reading about politics online. “For example, if you’re reading a piece on Congress votes for energy policy,” Rubin said of his app, “you might see that a sponsor has received hundreds of thousands of dollars from the oil and gas industry. I like to say that Greenhouse allows people to see the money story behind the news story.”








Rubin also hoped the app would help voters make election decisions. “Once people are informed, they will reject elected officials who are motived by money instead of principles.”


The app provides 2012 data from the last full election cycle when scrolling over a politician’s name, but clicking the politician’s name links to 2014 data from OpenSecrets.org.


“Greenhouse provides access to the most up-to-date 2014 data on OpenSecrets.org by clicking on the name of the member of Congress in the popups,” Rubin told The Speaker. “Greenhouse popups currently use the totals from the last full election cycle (generally 2011-12 for Representatives and 2007-12 for Senators) because it is the most complete and 2014 data to date underrepresents the amounts of campaign dollars in an election cycle. Data in the popup will be updated later in this election cycle.”


Rubin told us that he was motivated to pursue this line of interest after giving a presentation on corporate personhood in 7th grade. “What this did was introduce me to the concepts of campaign finance and the issue of money-in-government I wasn’t as interested in corporate personhood, and may have been too young to truly understand it. But the campaign finance issue grabbed my eye because it really made me angry. I remember asking my dad (a few times) ‘How is this legal?’”


By Day Blakely Donaldson



Agreeing With People the Most Effective Way to Change Their Minds, Study Says

Tel-Aviv University researchers have found that agreeing with people on controversial issues causes them to reconsider their opinions, becoming more accepting of differing points of view.


The study, “Paradoxical thinking as a new avenue of intervention to promote peace,” was completed by Boaz Hameiria, Roni Poratc, Daniel Bar-Tald, Atara Bielerb, and Eran Halperinb, and was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences this month.








The researchers subjected study participants to videos of extreme versions of their beliefs–”consistent, though extreme, information” in the words of the researchers–and found that the participants sometimes came to view their opinions as irrational or absurd.


One hundred and fifty Israelis were repeatedly exposed to video clips that related to Palestinians, from the perspective of an extremist Israeli set of values. A control group watched neutral TV commercials.


The videos illustrated how the conflict with Palestine was consistent with many Israeli beliefs.


“For example, the fact that they are the most moral society in the world is one of the most basic beliefs of Israeli society,” said Eran Halperin, a psychologist at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya in Israel and one of the authors of the study. So when the researchers showed participants a video that claimed Israel should continue the conflict so that its citizens could continue to feel moral, people reacted angrily.


“You take people’s most basic beliefs and turn them into something that is absurd. For an outsider, it can sound like a joke, but for them, you are playing with their most fundamental belief.”


After being shown videos over a months-long period, participants were found to exhibit a 30 percent increase in willingness to re-evaluate their opinions on the responsibility for the conflict. The effects persisted one year after the study concluded. The study participants also reported voting more often for moderate parties, suggesting changed behavior in addition to changed opinions.


The researchers noted, however, that some study participants were effected in the opposite way, taking the videos at face value and assimilating the extreme messages into their opinions.


The significance of this work, according to the researchers, lies in a premise of most interventions that aim to promote peacemaking–that information that is inconsistent with held beliefs causes tension, which may motivate alternative information seeking.


The researchers said that they supposed facts were not at the heart of disagreements. “We truly believe that in most intractable conflicts, the real problems are not the real issues,” Halperin said. Although both sides of a conflict may know how to find resolution, “psychological barriers… prevent societies from identifying opportunities for peace.”


By James Haleavy



Wednesday 23 July 2014

Some Countries More Generous Than Others, Says Study, "Own Fault" Also a Factor





A recent study by Pennsylvania State and the University of Texas has looked at the varying levels of generosity exhibited by people around the world, and has found that, although some countries are much more generous than others, the issue is more complex than some might think.


The report, “Accepting Inequality Deters Responsibility: How Power Distance Decreases Charitable Behavior,” was completed by Pennsylvania State Smeal College of Business’ Karen Winterich, assistant professor of marketing, and Yinlong Zhang of the University of Texas-San Antonio, and will be published in the Journal of Consumer Research’s August edition.


“Our research examines whether cultural values can explain the different levels of charitable giving between different countries,” the authors stated. “Could power distance, which is the extent that inequality is expected and accepted, explain why some countries and consumers are more likely to engage in prosocial behavior, including donations of both money and time?”


The researchers looked at prosocial behaviors such as giving money, volunteering time and helping strangers, and found that some countries are much more generous than others. Across the world, 28 percent of people donate money, but in China, Greece and Russia, for example, only 10 percent or less do. In Australia, Ireland and Canada, over 60 percent donate money. Ten percent of Indians, Bulgarians and Singaporeans volunteer their time, while over 40 percent of Canadians, Americans and Liberians do.


The researcher found, however, that one notable factor had a marked influence on generosity in the least generous nations. The less generous nations were willing to aid victims of natural disasters and other circumstances deemed out of the personal control of the needy, but were not willing to help those people they considered to be “at fault” for their situation, such as the obese and sedentary.


The most generous nations were more willing to help all because, the researchers said, culturally they were less accepting or expectant of inequality in wealth and power.


“In a high power distance society, inequality is seen as the basis of societal order,” wrote the authors. “Uncontrollable need increases feelings of responsibility to offer aid among those who otherwise would not feel responsible to offer aid for a need that is controllable and may simply be part of the accepted inequality in society.”


By Day Blakely Donaldson



Tuesday 22 July 2014

China Caught Engaging in Mass Fake Twitter Account Campaign Spreading Propaganda About Tibet, While Denying Tibetans Right to Express Their Views





Posing as hundreds of models, celebrities, and professionally-photographed schoolgirls, and displaying profile fake chinese twitter accountsdescriptions taken from journalists, choreographers and other professionals, China has been caught using Twitter for a mass propaganda campaign aimed at spreading the Chinese government’s messages about Tibet, while Tibetans are denied free speech rights by the Chinese government.


The propaganda campaign was uncovered by Tibet rights group Free Tibet, working with the New York Times.


The fake profiles were composed of photographs of attractive Westerners, taken from professional photographers’ websites, commercial stock image libraries, and other internet resources, combined with profile descriptions taken from Western professionals, and have genuine followers.


The Chinese government’s messages on Tibet were spread through these accounts by means of copying messages from English-language Chinese websites that agree with the Chinese government, attacking the Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama, and portraying Tibet as a “contented and idyllic Chinese province,” according to Free Tibet.


The accounts were also used for other types of political spam, such as adding the word “Tibet” into unrelated tweets to drown out legitimate Tibet-related content on the internet.


The fake accounts also spread messages about other Chinese government interests, such as the ethnic unrest in Xinjiang.


Around 100 fake accounts have been identified, but Free Tibet suspects there to be hundreds more.


Free Tibet compiled a detailed report on the fake accounts, and submitted it to Twitter, urging Twitter to prevent abusive propaganda.


“A company of Twitter’s size and highprofile must take responsibility for failing to prevent abuse on this scale for the political purposes of an authoritarian regime,” wrote Free Tibet director Eleanor Byrne-Rosengren. “These accounts are an act of cynical deception designed to manipulate public opinion regarding an occupied and brutally repressed country.


“Tibetans within Tibet are completely denied the right to speak to the world online. They face even greater restrictions on their online activity than China’s own citizens and can receive sentences of up to life imprisonment for online or email content criticising China’s regime. China has the power and resources to use Twitter for its own ends and Tibetans do not. In the words of concentration camp survivor Elie Wiesel, ‘neutrality helps the oppressor, never the oppressed’.”


China has been ranked 175 our of 180 countries rated for press freedom by Reporters Without Borders in 2014.


The Chinese authorities in Tibet regularly cut off media communications after sensitive political events, such as Tibetan protests and Chinese government celebrations.


Chinese authorities have also taken more direct actions against Tibetans use of communications media, such as visiting internet cafes and monasteries and arresting Tibetans who had engaged in overseas calls. Tibetans have also been arrested for sharing photos or other information of protests. More familiarly, carrying photographs of Tibetans high spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, who is considered a dangerous separatist by the Chinese government, is illegal, as is carrying recorded Tibetan songs.


Free Tibet has begun a campaign asking netizens to email Twitter about propaganda abuse.


By Day Blakely Donaldson



Transgenerational Memory Demonstrated by Columbia University Team





A new study from Columbia University’s Medical Center has demonstrated that the environment in which an organism lives can effect the genetic heritage of its immediate descendants. The Columbia team was able to show that transgenerational memory is passed on through an organism’s short RNAs.


“It shows that our experiences shape our inheritance… and that’s there’s a memory of our ancestors’ lives,” Oded Rechavi, lead researcher on the project, told The Speaker.


transgenerational memory roundwormsThe study, “Starvation-Induced Transgenerational Inheritance of Small RNAs in C. elegans,” was completed by Leah Houri-Ze’evi, Sarit Anava, Wee Siong Sho Goh, Sze Yen Kerk, Gregory J. Hannon and Oliver Hobert, in addition to Rechavi. The study was supported by the Howard Hughes Medical institute and was published in the June 10 edition of Cell.


In its research, the Columbia team demonstrated that drastic environmental changes, such as famine, can cause genetic changes that are passed down through at least three consecutive generations.


The team demonstrated this using roundworms. The team starved roundworms for six days and examined their cells. The starved roundworms were found to have developed a specific set of small RNAs.


Small RNAs are a type of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), functional RNA molecules that are not translated into protein (as are DNA). Many ncRNAs have been newly identified in recent years, and have not yet been validated for their function. Small RNAs are involved in various aspects of genetic expression.



oned rechavi

Dr. Oded Rechavi



“Small RNA-induced gene silencing can persist over several generations via transgenerationally inherited small RNA molecules in C. elegans,” stated Rachavi. Starvation induced changes in the roundworms’ small RNA were inherited by subsequent generations. The genetic inheritance took place apparently independent of DNA involvement.


Based on evidence of human famines and animal studies, it had long been suspected that starvation can affect the health of descendants, but the means by which such genetic inheritance was conveyed was not known.


“[E]vents like the Dutch famine of World War II have compelled scientists to take a fresh look at acquired inheritance,” said Oliver Hobert, PhD, professor of biochemistry and molecular biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. Animal studies have been conducted showing that, like humans who give birth during famine, animals such as rats can be caused to produce thin or obese offspring.


Roundworms were used in another small RNA-related study in 2011, when they were used to show that virus immunity developed during a parent’s life could be passed on to offspring for many generations through small RNA viral-silencing.


Hobert suspected that the small RNAs were somehow finding their way into the worms’ sperm and egg cells. “When the worms reproduced, the small RNAs could have been transmitted from one generation to the next in the cell body of the germ cells, independent of the DNA.”


How small RNAs were entering germ cells, and what types of biological experiences were registered by small RNA changes, Rechavi told The Speaker, “is a completely uncharted area.”


Rechavi said that the response to an organism’s environment was, however, “not necessarily only dietary related. In theory… any response that would produce a strong systemic small RNA response could be heritable. It’s not clear exactly how small RNAs find their way to the germline, but in worms several genes that enable cell-to-cell transfer of small RNAs have been discovered.”


In Rechavi’s previous work he has demonstrated that human immune cells, such as T or NK cells, can exchange small RNAs with other cells, and that some small RNAs can be found circulating in human blood.


“In general, I would suspect that it would be worth ‘memorizing,’ or producing a heritable response,” Rechavi told us, “cues which are really important for the survival of the organism.”


The implications of the study include that the biology of inheritance is more complicated than previously thought.


“[They] suggest that we should be aware of other things—beyond pure DNA changes—that may have a long-term impact on the health of an organism,” said Dr. Hobert. “In other words, something that happened to one generation, whether famine or some other traumatic event, may be relevant to the health of its descendants for generations.”


The study has also been said to give weight to the long-dismissed Lamarckian theory of genetics, which proposed that organisms adapt to their environment and pass on adaptations to offspring. Lamarckian genetics has traditionally been contrasted with Darwinian genetics, which theorized that all mutations were random, and the randomly mutated offspring were selected by nature according to their success surviving and reproducing.


Next for Rechavi and his team is to further pursue an understanding of the effects of environment on genetics. “We are testing how stable these effects are,” Dr. Rechavi told us. “exactly how the small RNAs are produced, and which regulated genes are most important in the process. We are also interested in examining the generality of this mechanism. This could be an important mechanism that acts side by side along with the traditional DNA-based inheritance mechanism.”


By Day Blakely Donaldson



Monday 21 July 2014

EPA Initiates "Blueprint That Will Be Used Across the Country to Stop Economic Development"

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in opposition to a proposed giant mine project in Alaska’s Bristol Bay, has initiated a set of regulations that industrial advocates such as US Senator Lisa Murkowski have termed a “Blueprint That Will Be Used Across the Country to Stop Economic Development.”


“The EPA is being disingenuous in saying that this decision is only going to impact mining in a particular area of Alaska,” said Murkowski (R-Alaska). “The EPA is setting a precedent that strips Alaska and all Alaskans of the ability to make decisions on how to develop a healthy economy on their lands. This is a blueprint that will be used across the country to stop economic development.”


Murkowski has been vocal in criticizing the EPA for allegedly attempting to expand its authority unilaterally under the Clean Water Act (CWA), stripping Alaskans of their right to develop their state economy. She has also criticized the EPA for basing its review of potential mining operations in Alaska on a hypothetical mining plan.


bristol bay mapThe EPA has backed off their plan to use the CWA to shut down the mine before a plan was submitted, however, and has instead pitched a set of regulations that would make moving forward with the mine project much more difficult, and could stifle it entirely.


The conditions include restricting discharges of dredged or fill material related to mines where those discharges would endanger the Bristol Bay watershed. The EPA’s proposal is subject to a public comment period through September 19.








The EPA’s stated motivation is to protect the world’s largest salmon fishery from the ecological destruction that would be caused by the mine.


The mine in question, the Pebble mine project in Bristol Bay, would be one of the world’s biggest–as deep as the grand canyon–and was projected to create 1,000 direct jobs and bring in up to $180 million in state revenue for Alaska. It would span 20 square miles of state-owned land, and a dam would be needed to contain the mine waste.


The Clean Water Act, under which the EPA receives much authority, was passed in 1972 with the purpose of preventing point and nonpoint pollution sources in order to restore and maintain the ecological integrity of American waters. In April, an EPA rule out sought to define “Waters of the United States,” over which the CWA has jurisdiction, not just as navigable waters, but also inclusive of tributaries and adjacent waters.


Pebble mine would sit near Lake Iliamna at the headwaters of two rivers which flow into Bristol Bay.


By James Haleavy



Greenpeace Convinces World's Top Logging Company to End Natural Logging





One of the world’s largest pulp and paper companies, Asia Pulp & Paper (APP), has been convinced to end all logging of natural forests. The Jakarta-based company, which has 14 major companies in Indonesia and China and an annual capacity of 18 million tons of paper and pulp products, has received an endorsement by Greenpeace, long its rival, after signing a contract to log only certain timber lands this week.


APP’s owner and chairman, Teguh Ganda Wijaya, put his personal seal on the commitment–the first time he has done so on an environmental agreement. The move is expected to cost APP a significant amount of money, but, according to APP’s sustainability managing director, “We now want to be a true global player and true leader.”


APP, which has cleared an estimated 2 million hectares of tropical forest in Sumatra since 1994, will now log only plantation timber, according to the agreement. Its suppliers will be bound to stay clear of timber with high conservation value and carbon-rich peat swamps. They will also be required to obtain “free, prior and informed consent” from landholders upon opening new concessions.


Disney and rain forest destruction, by GreenpeaceGreenpeace had targeted APP for years in a campaign that cost the logging company over 130 customers. Recently, Disney, Mattel and Hasbro dropped APP due to the Greenpeace campaign.


Although Greenpeace has endorsed APP’s contract, the endorsement was qualified. Greenpeace’s lead forest campaigner in Indonesia, Bustar Maitar, said that Greenpeace would continue to “watch and monitor closely” APP’s activities. APP has broken environmental commitments in the past.


“We welcome this move, but we urge everyone to wait and see, after independent monitoring is done,” commented the pulp and paper manager of the World Wildlife Federation, an organization that has seen environmental commitments made by APP broken in recent years.



Sunday 20 July 2014

Russian News Channel Airs Conflicting Before and After Reports of Suspected Downing of Malaysian Air MH17 [video]





Two reports of the downing of a plane suspected to be Malaysian Air MH17 have been published by Russian news network LifeNews. The two television reports were aired before and after the identity of the Malaysian passenger plane was known, and reported conflicting testimonies by pro-Russian separatists active in Donetsk about responsibility for a plane crash near Torez, Donetsk that took place July 17.


“Insurgents have reported a downed another Ukrainian military cargo aircraft,” the newscaster reported in the earlier broadcast. “The plane was flying over the city of Torez in the self-proclaimed Donetsk Republic at approximately 5 pm Moscow time . The AN-26 was flying over the city and was hit by a missile, there was an explosion, and the plane fell, with black smoke visible.”


The reporter added that the location of Torez was near Snezhnoe and Saur-Mogila Hill–territories controlled by the rebels.


pro-Russian separatist media post with image of plane wreckageThis report accompanied social media posts by pro-Russian separatists, such as a post purportedly by militant leader Strelkov stated, “Near Torez we just downed an AN-26 plane. It’s lying near Progress Mine. We warned them–don’t fly in our sky.” The post accompanied the same picture presented in the LifeNews broadcast.


After the identity of the Malaysian passenger plane was reported, the post was removed and claimed to have been a fake.


The rebels later published statements that they did not have the equipment to down the plane, although the rebels have already downed several Ukrainian military planes with surface-to-air missiles, and had made statements that they would protect the sky over Donetsk with highly sophisticated surface-to-air Buk missile systems.


The rebels asserted that the Malaysian jet was downed by the Ukrainian air force. The LifeNews reporter also noted that “according to some data, the plane was followed by a UA air force plane,” and that, according to Russian intelligence, the Ukrainian military had transported Buk systems to the area.


Russian News Channel Airs Conflicting Before and After Reports of Suspected Downing of Malaysian Air MH17




Russian News Channel Airs Conflicting Before and After Reports of Suspected Downing of Malaysian Air MH17 [video]

Two reports of the downing of a plane suspected to be Malaysian Air MH17 have been published by Russian news network LifeNews. The two television reports were aired before and after the identity of the Malaysian passenger plane was known, and reported conflicting testimonies by pro-Russian separatists active in Donetsk about responsibility for a plane crash near Torez, Donetsk that took place July 17.


“Insurgents have reported a downed another Ukrainian military cargo aircraft,” the newscaster reported in the earlier broadcast. “The plane was flying over the city of Torez in the self-proclaimed Donetsk Republic at approximately 5 pm Moscow time . The AN-26 was flying over the city and was hit by a missile, there was an explosion, and the plane fell, with black smoke visible.”








The reporter added that the location of Torez was near Snezhnoe and Saur-Mogila Hill–territories controlled by the rebels.


pro-Russian separatist media post with image of plane wreckageThis report accompanied social media posts by pro-Russian separatists, such as a post purportedly by militant leader Strelkov stated, “Near Torez we just downed an AN-26 plane. It’s lying near Progress Mine. We warned them–don’t fly in our sky.” The post accompanied the same picture presented in the LifeNews broadcast.


After the identity of the Malaysian passenger plane was reported, the post was removed and claimed to have been a fake.


The rebels later published statements that they did not have the equipment to down the plane, although the rebels have already downed several Ukrainian military planes with surface-to-air missiles, and had made statements that they would protect the sky over Donetsk with highly sophisticated surface-to-air Buk missile systems.


The rebels asserted that the Malaysian jet was downed by the Ukrainian air force. The LifeNews reporter also noted that “according to some data, the plane was followed by a UA air force plane,” and that, according to Russian intelligence, the Ukrainian military had transported Buk systems to the area.


Russian News Channel Airs Conflicting Before and After Reports of Suspected Downing of Malaysian Air MH17




FAA Holding Back US Drone Industry, While Drone Market Expected to Double to Yearly $11.6bn in 10 Years - Report

While the current global market for drones is expected to double to 11.6bn by 2023, America will most likely lose its current industry lead to other nations less hampered by export control regulations and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) rules, according to a recent report by Stimson Center.


“At the moment, the United States has the world’ largest and most sophisticated fleet of weaponized drones,” the report stated, adding that regarding the more general global UAV market, “the United States is not likely to remain the world leader in the development of innovative UAV technologies.”


The report, “Recommendations and Report of the Task Force on US Drone Policy,” was completed by the Washington global security policy organization Stimson Center and was written by Gen. John P. Abizaid, a former commander of the US Central Command, and Rosa Brooks, professor at Georgetown University Law Center.


The report stated that despite the enormous commercial potential of civilian UAVs, their development–especially among small- and medium-sized enterprises–was hampered by “clumsy export control rules” and FAA regulations.


Export control rules in the US are ambiguous, the report explained, not clearly drawing a distinction between “unarmed military unmanned aerial vehicles” and other unarmed drones, while subjecting military vehicles to stricter export controls. This prevents manufacturers from measuring the size of their markets, “chilling” their production, according to the report.








Another hindrance to UAV development is that drones operation is not allowed in the “national airspace system” (NAS). Where drones are flown, special permits are required, which, according to the report, are often quite restrictive.


Laws are changing with regards to drones. The FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012, which seeks to integrate UAVs into the national airspace system, has a deadline set for September 2015.


The Act required, however, a roadmap for integration, which was requested of the FAA to be produced by February 2013. The FAA released the roadmap nine months behind the deadline.


“The FAA is grappling with important and difficult issues,” stated the report. Notable among these difficulties is determination of how UAV pilots will avoid air collisions without lines of sight and situational awareness.


The concern raised in the report is that the FAA’s months-long delays may become years-long delays, and the US may lose the initiative.


Meanwhile, UAV developers have awaited government clarity while markets abroad have expanded rapidly, and foreign buyers turn increasingly to countries developing more advanced platforms.


“Outside of the United States,” the report read, “UAVs increasingly are being developed for agriculture, weather tracking and infrastructure maintenance.”


“This could chill innovation and dull the technological edge the United States enjoys in the UAV arena, with negative consequences both for the civilian sector and for the military,” the report read. The US may also lose the ability to shape UAV use abroad, according to the report, while some markets are expected to be used for non-peaceful purposes.


Read more: Over 20 Countries Developing Weaponized Drones 


“The state that becomes the ‘first-mover’ to fully integrate UAVs into their national airspace may, if given enough of a lead, become a center for the development and scale of UAVs, giving a competitive edge to its domestic manufacturers.”


 



Friday 11 July 2014

UN Makes Public China's Admission of Jailing Tibet Musicians for 6 to 9 Years on Charges of Separatism for Singing Songs





According to a document made public by the UN recently, China was issued a “joint urgent appeal” earlier this year. China has responded to the appeal, confirming that at least six of the 10 Tibetan musicians were jailed on charges of separatism for singing songs Tibetan musician Gebeysupporting Tibetan culture and about the plight of Tibet under Chinese rule. No information was provided by China on the other four musicians.


The joint appeal was sent to China on behalf of UN offices covering freedom of expression, cultural rights, arbitrary detention, minority rights, and other UN interests.


For several years, Tibetans have been arrested and jailed on various charges, including the charge of separatism, for such offenses as carrying pictures of their chief spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, and Tibetan songs on their phones, refusing to fly Chinese flags from their homes, and self immolation or being related a person who had self immolated. Jail terms for these offenses usually range from around six to nine years.


Listed along with many other nations in a UN Human Rights Commission document, the People’s Republic of China was alleged to have arrested and detained ten Tibetan singers and musicians. The charge laid by China in the arrests was alleged to have been that of creating or performing songs supporting Tibetan culture and reflecting the current situation in Chinese-ruled Tibet.


The UN report stated, “Serious concerns are expressed that the alleged arbitrary arrest and detention or enforced disappearance of the aforementioned 10 Tibetan singers and musicians may be linked to their legitimate human rights activities.”


The human rights mentioned here included those related to arbitrary detention, cultural rights, disappearances, freedom of expression, freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, freedom of religion, and minority issues.


The ten artists were listed as Gongpo Tsezin, Trinley Tsekar, Kelsang Yarphel, Lolo, Pema Trinley, Chakdor, Khenrap, Nyagdompo, Shawo Tashi, and Achok Phulshung.


The musicians were reported to have been detained or of unknown whereabouts.


In the same UN document, China was also alleged to have arrested Liu Xia, the wife of Chinese Nobel Peace Prize winner Mr. Liu Xiaobo, in violation of international human rights law.


The joint appeal seeking an account of the fates of the Tibetan musicians came after the rights group Free Tibet sent a letter to the UN Special Rapporteur on Cultural Rights.


Tibetan monk detainedChina responded in late April, stating that, “The Chinese government has carried out careful investigations on the matter as stated in the letter and provides replies…” and confirming the fate of six of the 10 listed musicians.


The musicians were in prison for terms of six to nine years on charges of “seditiously splitting the state” and related crimes, although one had been released for health-related reasons. Regarding two other musicians, the Chinese response read, “On Kelsang Yarphel and Achok (both names are transliterations), there is lack of reliable information on them. We, therefore, cannot verify their authentic identities and personal data.”


The response made no mention of Khenrap and Nyagdompo. Free Tibet also noted that the UN did not make mention of another musician, Choksal, in its request to China.


Free Tibet has set up a petition to demand the release of the jailed Tibetan musicians, addressed to China’s justice minister.